英文导游词篇1
1：扬州英文导游词
Visitors:wheninagardenscenicspotplanning,gardenownersinaccordancewiththemainrouteclockwisedecoratedthespring,summer,autumnandwinteraroundfakerockscene,novelideaandfinetimber,theentourageofharmony,tightstructure.inlandscapesequencewiththethemeofrockery,seasonalfeatureiswritingproposition,hillsisenlightenment,summerhillisaministry,akiyamaishigh,thewinterhillisanend,likethecreationofmusicorwritingarticles,hasastrictrhyme.
Dearvisitors:agardenrockerysummeduptheso-called"hillsandliketolaugh,talkandmetallurgysummerhill,suchasgreen,brightandclean,suchasmakeup,akiyamamountainwinterbleakandsuchassleep"and"hillsshouldswim,summerhillappropriate,theappropriateakiyama,wintermountainlivable"HuaLi.parkand"appropriatewoohin","mountainbuilding","strokeYunting","autumnpavilion","airleakagethroughyuexuan"andotherancientbuildings.FourseasonsrockeryinthesetoffoftheseLoutaitingGeandfomoustreesdottedwith,moreshowofprimitivesimplicityandelegant,deepandJapan.Stonesomeonesaidthatthefourcriteria:"wrinkled,thin,transparent,leak,"seemstohaveconclusive,it'sjustageneralstackedstoneskills,likeagardenthispeakbuildingstone,afourseasonsrockery,gardenweek,seemedtoswimin,asignofdesigningdifferentextremelycommon;morevaluable,thisspring,summer,autumnandwinterarenotisolatedindividualsseparated,butunawaretiancheng.wintersceneisgiveapersonthesensewithsnowdidnotdisappearchills.Butbyspringsceneryofthewestwallopenedtwocirculartracery,seebamboowalltozhizhi,andgivepeople"winterdoburstshunlei"profoundartisticconception,thewholegardenislikeahugepicturescrollofcomposingsystem,theharmonyofthebeautyofcomposition.
Visitors:agardenofthemainlandscapehasfinishedtouring.inswimmingaloneYuanHou,perhapsyouwillsendaheartfeltsigh:andialsoyangzhougarden,isindeedagardenintheessenceofthegarden.
2：扬州英文导游词
aparkistheoldestexistingyangzhou,thebestpreservedsaltmerchantsgarden,yangzhoudongguanstreet,afamousancientlaneinthesouth,northtotheeastofyangzhouriversightbeltyanfu,isinthetwenty-thirdyearofqingjiaqing(1818)andhuaibeisalttotalyellowtothenarrationofthehouse.Foryangzhourepresentativeoftheclassicalprivategardeninthemingandqingdynasties.publishedin1998bythestatecouncilasa"nationalkeyculturalrelicsprotectionunit",andtheSummerpalaceinBeijing,chengdesummerresort,andthehumbleadministrator'sgardenandcalledChina'sfourbiggardensinsuzhou.
英文导游词篇2
丽江古城中英文导游词范文1：云南丽江，一个历史悠久，风景如画的小城，丽江古城的所在地。
我们乘车从机场来到了丽江新城，在一个旅馆里住下了，那天，我们没有去古城，只是站在窗边远远地眺望着那一幢幢的小房子。它们在夜幕下显得那么安静，不发出一丁点的声音;它们又是那么古朴，依稀看得见历史的足迹;它们还那么迷人，白墙黑瓦的古老小屋，远远望去，在高楼大厦之间显得那么得低矮，从窗户的玻璃后透出了油灯若明若暗的亮光，没过多少时间，灯渐渐熄了。
第二天，当东方露出了鱼肚白，晨曦的微光照耀着还没被唤醒的丽江古城，被稀薄的淡雾笼罩着的一切还是那么得宁静，只是偶尔有几阵微风吹得青草“哗哗”响，吹得小溪“丁冬”地流，吹得树叶“唰唰”地摇。一会儿工夫，太阳蹿上了高高的山头，古城也热闹起来了，家家户户都打开了“吱吱嘎嘎”响的木门，游客们也涌进了迷宫似的丽江古城。我也随着人群，随着一条潺潺流动的小溪，进入了古城。
第一次进入秀丽的的古城中，第一次亲密接触这古老的地方，我感到既新奇又兴奋，也特别仔细地看了这儿的景色。在宽阔的大街上，铺着光滑的石板，经过了历史的风霜雨雪，经过了许多人的踩踏，石头的棱角已经变得十分得光滑，踩在上面一不小心就要摔倒了。在石板路旁，有一条清澈的小溪流，流遍了整个古城，也是走出这个大“迷宫”的重要路标。再说这一幢幢低矮而朴素的小房子，斑驳的墙上有各种各样的印子，有深浅不一的磕痕，有交叉着的鞋印，也有方向不一的许多划痕。屋顶上铺着破旧的黑色瓦片，一下子就看得出那是很久以前的东西了。一切都散发着一股浓郁的历史的香气。
Lijiang,yunnan,alonghistory,apicturesquetown,theseatoftheoldtownoflijiang.
wewenttolijiangcitybusfromtheairport,stayinahotel,thatday,wedidn'tgototheancientcity,onlystoodatthewindowlookingoutoverthetoweringatasmallhouse.theyareunderthenightissoquiet,nottheslightestsound.theyaresosimple,vaguelyseethefootprintofthehistory;theyaresocharming,whitewallHeiwaancienthouse,fromadistance,betweenthehigh-risebuildingsseemsolow,almostimperceptiblefinenessfromtheglassofthewindowaftergivethelamplight,nottoomuchtime,graduallythelightwentout.
thenextday,whentheeastoutof,theskywasafish-bellygreyonhasnotbeenthehalf-lightofthemorningwakeuptheoldtownoflijiang,allcoveredwiththinthinfogstillsoquiet,onlyoccasionallyafewarraybreezeblowngrass"abundance"ring,"dingding"blownstreamflow,blowingleaves"shuashua"shake.inafewminutes,thesunshotonthehighmountain,theancientcityislively,everyfamilyopenedthe"noise"ofwoodendoor,thetouristsalsopouredintothemazeoflijiang.ialso,alongwiththecrowdasaflowingbrook,enteredthecity.
Forthefirsttimeintothebeautifulancientcity,thefirstintimatecontactthisoldplace,ifelttheexcitementofnovelty,specialalsocarefullywatchthesceneryhere.inthebroadstreets,withsmoothSLate,afterahistoryofweatheredrainandsnow,aftermanypeopletrample,stonehasbecometenpieceofsmoothedgesandcorners,trampleonitwillfalldowncarelessly.inthestoneroad,asmallstream,withaclearstreamallovertheancientcity,isalsooutofthisbig"maze"animportantsignpost.Besidesthisalowandsimplelittlehouse,mottledwallsthereareavarietyofimpressions,atwo-tonekemarks,havecrossedshoesprint,alsohavedifferentdirectionofmanyscratches.Coveringtheroofwasshabbyblacktiles,suddenlyseesomethingthatwasalongtimeago.everythingissendingoutafull-bodiedaromaofhistory.
丽江古城中英文导游词范文2：大家好!我是青旅社的邹其芳，大家可以叫我小芳，但不是村里的那个小芳。欢迎各位来到号称世界遗产的“丽江古城”。
亲爱的游客们，我们已经到了美丽的古城了，在古城前面，大家会看见两架大风车在水里欢快地转动，里面的水珠也会测出来，所以，请大家小心。这两架风车代表着古城的标志。下面，我来介绍一下丽江古城：丽江古城海拔2400米，是丽江纳西民族自治县的中心城市，古城形成于南宋后期，已有八百多年的历史，面积3.8平方公里，常住人口约3万人，1997年被列入为世界文化遗产。
古城的中心是四方街，地面上是五彩石铺成的，踏上去就会发出清脆的响声，四方街上没有哪两座客栈里央的设计是一样的，大家也可以进去参观一下。说了那么多，我还是带大家去一条小溪吧，大家看!这条小溪就是放河灯。放河灯是一条种古老的习俗，据说每天晚上龙王会来巡游古城，放一盏河灯吧!不过，请大家不要乱扔垃圾。
游客们，丽江古城到处都有让人流连忘返的美景，说也说不尽，希望大家下次再来。
everybodyisgood!iamayouthhostelRobertzou,youcancallmesmallfang,butnotthesmallfanginthevillage.welcometotheworldheritageof"lijiangancientcity".
Dearvisitors,wehavebeeninthebeautifulancientcity,infrontoftheancientcity,youwillseetwolargewindturbinesturnhappilyinthewater,thewaterinsidewillbemeasured,sopleasebecareful.thewindmillrepresentsthesymboloftheancientcityof.Here,letmeintroducethelijiangancientcity,lijiangancientcity,2400metersabovesealevel,isthecenterofthelijiangnaxiautonomouscounty,city,cityformedinthelatesouthernsongdynasty,hasahistoryofeighthundredyears,theareaof3.8squarekilometers,hasabout30000inhabitants,waslistedasaworldheritagesitein1997.
isthecenterofthecitysquarestreet,thegroundispavedwithmulticolored,stepwillbeclicked,notwosifangstreetinncentraldesignisthesame,youcanalsovisit.Saidsomuch,istilltakeyoutoacreek,everyonetosee!thisstreamisputriverlanterns.putriverlampisakindofoldcustom,itissaidthateverynightdragonkingtotourcity,putariverlight!However,pleasedonotlitter.
thetourists,lijiangancientcityisfilledwiththebeautyofthepeoplelinger,saidalsosaidnot,ihopeyoucomeagainnexttime.
丽江古城中英文导游词范文3：大家好!我是你们游览丽江古城的导游。我很高兴能与大家共渡这快乐时光!我姓张。大家可以叫我张导游。
请大家跟我来。这里是丽江古城。我先给大家简单介绍一下丽江古城。丽江古城又名大研镇，坐落在丽江坝中部，称为“保存最为完好的四大古城”之一。它是中国历史文化名城中唯一没有城墙的古城。丽江古城地处云贵高原，海拔2400余米，全城面积达3.8平方公里，自古就是远近闻名的集市和重镇。古城现有居民6200多户，25000余人。其中，纳西民族占总人口绝大多数，有30%的居民仍在从事以铜银器制作、皮毛皮革、纺织、酿造业为主的传统手工业和商业活动。
好了，现在大家跟我进古城看看。
丽江古城是一座没有城墙的古城，大研古城是一座具有浓烈人文气息的小城。
丽江古城内的街道依山傍水修建，铺的大多都是红色角砾岩，雨季不会泥泞、旱季也不会飞灰，石上花纹图案自然雅致。看，光滑洁净的青石板路、完全手工建造的土木结构的房屋、无处不在的小桥流水。
everybodyisgood!iamyourtouroflijiangtourguide.iamverygladtobewithyouthehappytimetogether!mynameiszhang.Youcancallmeaguide.
pleasecomewithme.Hereistheoldtownoflijiang.i'llgiveyouabriefintroductionoflijiang.Lijiangalsoknownasdayantown,islocatedinthemiddleoflijiangdam,knownas"oneofthemostpreservedancientcityofthebigfour".itistheonlyancientcitywithoutwallsinChina'sfamoushistoricalandculturalcity.Lijiangancientcityislocatedintheyunnan-guizhouplateau,2400metersabovesealevel,theareaofthecity3.8squarekilometers,theancienttimesisknownfairsandtowns.theancientcityofexistingresidents6200households,25000people.amongthem,thenaxinationalityforthevastmajorityofthepopulation,30%oftheresidentsarestillengagedinproducedwithcopper,silver,fur,leather,textiles,brewingtraditionalhandicraftindustryandbusinessactivities.
ok,nowyougivemeintothecitytosee.
英文导游词篇3
中文版
各位旅客：
大家好!我是你们今天美丽西湖之行的导游：方子方(写自己的名字哦!)。让我们随着船徐徐开动，开始游览美丽的西湖吧!
西湖位于：浙江省杭州市的西部。西湖水面面积为4.37平方公里，湖岸周长15公里，水平均深2.27米，最深处在5米左右。
首先，我们来到的是柳浪闻莺，柳浪闻莺是南山风景线上离市区最近的一个公园，也是西湖旧十景之一。柳树是公园主景。请看两旁，这里汇集了500株春柳，这些垂柳，以景遇意，两旁的柳树，各种各样，非常好看，公园南面杆弯枝斜的那种，在微风吹拂下，左摇右摆的，就像是贵妃醉酒，称为“醉柳”
现在，我们来到了传说中白娘子与许仙相会的断桥。断桥，今位于白堤东端。在西湖古今诸多大小桥梁中，它名气最大。大家往下看，下面就是波光粼粼的湖面，湖面被阳光照射着，像许多金子撒在湖面上，很漂亮!大家注意，不要乱丢垃圾，现在可以在这里拍照、休息。
好了，今天就游览到这里，最后祝大家：旅途愉快，再见!
英文版
thefamouswestLakeislikeabrilliantpearlembeddedinthebeautifulandfertileshoresoftheeastChinaSeanearthemouthoftheHangzhouBay.thelakecoversanareaof5.6squarekilometers.theviewofthewestLakeissimplyenchanting,whichoffersmanyattractionsfortouristsathomeandabroad.
tiger-runningSpring
thelegendgoesthattwotightsranthereandmadeaholewhereaspringgushedout.theLongjingteaandthetiger-runningSpringwaterarealwaysreputedasthe“twowondersofthewestLake”。
theLingyinmonastery
theLingyinmonastery,orthemonasteryofSoul”sRetreat,isafamoushistoricalsiteofthewestLake.HereexiststheLingyinmonastery,afamousancienttempleinChina,infrontofwhichthereareFeilaipeak,ColdSpring,LonghongCaveandpreciousrockcaveartsandqueerandvariednaturalcavesandgullies.
SpringDawnatSuCauseway
it”sa2.8km.longboulevardcuttingacrossthesouth-northscenicarea,andlinedwithtreesandfloweringplants.whenSpringcomeswithcrimsonpeachblossomsandgreenwillows;thesceneryisallthemorecharming.Strollingalongtheboulevard,onefeelsasifthewestLakewerewakeningindawnmist.Youngwillowswereethereal,springbreezesocaressing,andbirdswerechirpinginunison.
英文导游词篇4
故宫导游词一
LyingatthecenterofBeijing，theForbiddenCity，calledGuGong，inChinese，wastheimperialpalaceduringthemingandQingdynasties.nowknownasthepalacemuseum，itistothenorthoftiananmenSquare.Rectangularinshape，itistheworld‘slargestpalacecomplexandcovers74hectares.Surroundedbyasixmeterdeepmoatandatenmeterhighwallare9，999buildings.thewallhasagateoneachside.oppositethetiananmenGate，tothenorthistheGateofDevinemight(Shenwumen)，whichfacesJingshanpark.thedistancebetweenthesetwogatesis960meters，whilethedistancebetweenthegatesintheeastandwestwallsis750meters.thereareuniqueanddelicatelystructuredtowersoneachofthefourcornersofthecurtainwall.theseaffordviewsoverboththepalaceandthecityoutside.theForbiddenCityisdividedintotwoparts.thesouthernsection，ortheouterCourtwaswheretheemperorexercisedhissupremepoweroverthenation.thenorthernsection，ortheinnerCourtwaswherehelivedwithhisroyalfamily.Until1924whenthelastemperorofChinawasdrivenfromtheinnerCourt，fourteenemperorsofthemingdynastyandtenemperorsoftheQingdynastyhadreignedhere.Havingbeentheimperialpalaceforsomefivecenturies，ithousesnumerousraretreasuresandcuriosities.ListedbyUneSCoasaworldCulturalHeritageSitein1987，thepalacemuseumisnowoneofthemostpopulartouristattractionsworldwide.
Constructionofthepalacecomplexbeganin1407，the5thyearoftheYonglereignofthethirdemperorofthemingdynasty.itwascompletedfourteenyearslaterin1420.itwassaidthatamillionworkersincludingonehundredthousandartisansweredrivenintothelong-termhardlabor.StoneneededwasquarriedfromFangshan，asuburbofBeijing.itwassaidawellwasdugeveryfiftymetersalongtheroadinordertopourwaterontotheroadinwintertoslidehugestonesoniceintothecity.Hugeamountsoftimberandothermaterialswerefreightedfromfarawayprovinces.ancientChinesepeopledisplayedtheirveryconsiderableskillsinbuildingtheForbiddenCity.takethegrandredcitywallforexample.ithasan8.6meterswidebasereducingto6.66meterswideatthetop.theangularshapeofthewalltotallyfrustratesattemptstoclimbit.thebricksweremadefromwhitelimeandglutinousricewhilethecementismadefromglutinousriceandeggwhites.theseincrediblematerialsmakethewallextraordinarilystrong.
Sinceyellowisthesymboloftheroyalfamily，itisthedominantcolorintheForbiddenCity.Roofsarebuiltwithyellowglazedtiles;decorationsinthepalacearepaintedyellow;eventhebricksonthegroundaremadeyellowbyaspecialprocess.However，thereisoneexception.wenyuange，theroyallibrary，hasablackroof.thereasonisthatitwasbelievedblackrepresentedwaterthenandcouldextinguishfire.
nowadays，theForbiddenCity，orthepalacemuseumisopentotouristsfromhomeandabroad.Splendidpainteddecorationontheseroyalarchitecturalwonders，thegrandanddeluxehalls，withtheirsurprisinglymagnificenttreasureswillcertainlysatisfy"moderncivilians".
故宫导游词二
LadiesandGentlemen:
iampleasedtoserveasyourguidetoday.
thisisthepalacemuseum;alsoknowasthepurpleForbiddenCity.itisthelargestandmostwellreservedimperialresidenceinChinatoday.UndermingemperorYongle,constructionbeganin1406.ittook14yearstobuildtheForbiddenCity.thefirstrulerwhoactuallylivedherewasmingemperorZhudi.Forfivecenturiesthereafter,itcontinuedtobetheresidenceof23successiveemperorsuntil1911whenQingemperorpuyiwasforcedtoabdicatethethrone.in1987,theUnitednationseducational,ScientificandCulturalorganizationrecognizedtheForbiddenCitywasaworldculturallegacy.
英文导游词篇5
whileinexile，thepeopleofthesedistinctculturestogetherconceivedanewandexcitingmusicalartform，characterizedbypride，passion，anddefiantdignity.itincorporatedacoustic-guitarplaying，singing，chanting，dancing，andstaccatohand-clapping.thisbold，provocative，1anduniquestylewasnamed“Flamenco”.
Considerabledebatesurroundstheoriginsoftheword“Flamenco”。Somebelieveitsimplymeans“Flemish”。otherscontend2thatitcomesfromtheDutchword，vlaming，meaning"fiery“，”flaming“，or”brightlycolored“。otherstraceitbacktothearabicfelagmengu，whichreferstoallpersecutedpeoplewhofledtothemountainstoescapetheinquisition.
theintensityofFlamencoinspiresasenseofmagic，andevokes3fromitsaudienceanintensereaction.thestaccatoofthedancer'sheelsagainstthefloor，andthesharpburstsofclappingpunctuatethesinger’shauntingwail.thebright，swirlingdressesaddtothespectacle，andelicit4criesofencouragementfromthespectators.theseelements，alongwiththemusicalvirtuosityoftheguitarists，combinetocreateaperformancewhich，onceseen，isneverforgotten.——byRandypeters
公元1492年，在国王费迪南二世和王后伊莎贝拉一世的统治下，犹太人、吉普赛人和摩尔人被逐出西班牙，旅游英语《导游辞:舞动西班牙--弗拉门戈》。这些人跟当地的安达卢西亚人一起，被迫在安达卢西亚山区避难。在那儿，他们才能躲过威胁他们生命的宗教审判。
流亡期间，这群有着不同文化背景的人共同构思出一种崭新并能鼓舞人心的音乐艺术形式，它以自豪、热情和高傲的尊严为特征。结合古典吉他的弹奏、歌唱、吟诵、舞蹈和断续的击掌。这种大胆、煽情、独一无二的风格便称作“弗拉门戈”。
英文导游词篇6
颐和园英文导游词英文版【1】
SituatedinthewesternoutskirtsofHaidianDistrict，theSummerpalaceis15kilometers(9.3miles)fromcentralBeijing.Havingthelargestroyalparkandbeingwellpreserved，itwasdesignated，in1960bytheStateCouncil，asaKeyCulturalRelicsprotectionSiteofChina.Containingexamplesoftheancientarts，italsohasgracefullandscapesandmagnificentconstructions.theSummerpalaceisthearchetypalChinesegarden，andisrankedamongstthemostnotedandclassicalgardensoftheworld.in1998，itwaslistedasoneoftheworldHeritageSitesbyUneSCo.
ConstructedintheJinDynasty(1115-1234)，duringthesucceedingreignoffeudalemperors;itwasextendedcontinuously.BythetimeoftheQingDynasty(1644-1911)，ithadbecomealuxuriousroyalgardenprovidingroyalfamilieswithrestandentertainment.originallycalledQingyiGarden(GardenofClearRipples)，itwasknowasoneofthefamousthreehillsandfivegardens(LongevityHill，JadeSpringmountain，andFragrantHill;GardenofClearRipples，GardenofeverlastingSpring，GardenofperfectionandBrightness，GardenoftranquilityandBrightness，andGardenoftranquilityandpleasure).LikemostofthegardensofBeijing，itcouldnoteludetherampagesoftheanglo-Frenchalliedforceandwasdestroyedbyfire.in1888，empressDowagerCixiembezzlednavyfundstoreconstructitforherownbenefit，changingitsnametoSummerpalace(Yiheyuan).Shespentmostofherlateryearsthere，dealingwithstateaffairsandentertaining.in1900，itsufferedagain，beingransackedbytheeight-poweralliedForce.afterthesuccessofthe1911Revolution，itwasopenedtothepublic.
ComposedmainlyofLongevityHillandKunmingLake，theSummerpalaceoccupiesanareaof294hectares(726.5acres)，threequartersofwhichiswater.Guidedbynature，artistsdesignedthegardensexquisitelysothatvisitorswouldseemarvelousviewsandbeamazedbyperfectexamplesofrefinedcraftworkusingthefinestmaterials.
CenteredonthetowerofBuddhistincense(Foxiangge)theSummerpalaceconsistsofover3，000structuresincludingpavilions，towers，bridges，andcorridors.theSummerpalacecanbedividedintofourparts:thecourtarea，front-hillarea，front-lakearea，andrear-hillandback-lakearea.
Front-Hillarea:thisareaisthemostmagnificentareaintheSummerpalacewiththemostconstructions.itslayoutisquitedistinctivebecauseofthecentralaxisfromtheyardofKunmingLaketothehilltop，onwhichimportantbuildingsarepositionedincludingGateofDispellingClouds，HallofDispellingClouds，HallofmoralGlory，towerofBuddhistincense，theHalloftheSeaofwisdom，etc.
Rear-HillandBack-Lakearea:althoughtheconstructionsarefewerhere，ithasauniquelandscape，withdensegreentrees，andwindingpaths.Visitorscanfeelararetranquility，andelegance.thisareaincludesscenicspotssuchasGardenofHarmoniousinterestandSuzhoumarketStreet.
Courtarea:thisiswhereempressDowagerCixiandemperorGuangxumetofficials，conductedstateaffairsandrested.enteringtheeastpalaceGate，visitorsmayseethemainpalacebuildings:theHallofBenevolenceandLongevityservedastheofficeoftheemperor，theHallofJadeRippleswhereGuangxulived，theHallofJoyfulLongevity，Cixisresidence，theHallofVirtueandHarmonywhereCixiwasentertained.
FrontLakearea:coveringalargerpartoftheSummerpalace，opensupthevistaofthelake.abreezefluttering，wavesgleamandwillowskisstheripplesofthevastwater.inthiscomfortableareatherearetheeasternandwesternBanks，theSeventeen-archBridge，nanhuisland，andsoon.onthewesternbankfloatsixdistinctbridgesamongstwhichtheJade-BeltBridgeisthemostbeautiful.
颐和园英文导游词英文版【2】
GoodmorningLadiesandGentlemen:
mynameisxx.imveryhonoredtobeyoureguide.idohopeallofyoucouldlikemyguidingandenjoyeverythingonyourpleasantday.thismorningwearegoingtovisittheSummerpalace.theSummerpalaceislocatedonthenorthwestsuburbsofBeijing,about20kilometersawayfromthecenterofthecity.Soitwilltakeusabout1hourtogetthere.BeforewearrivedattheSummerpalace,iwouldliketointroduceyouabriefintroductionofthewoderfulimperialgarden.theSummerpalaceisthemostbeautifulandthelargestimperialgardenexistinginChinan,anditisthebest-preservedimperialgardenintheworld.in1998,itwasplacedontheListofworldCulturalHeritagebytheUneSCo.
theSummerpalacewasfirstbuiltasanimperialgardenatthebeginningof12thcenturyintheJinDynasty.theconstructioncontinuedtotheYuanandmingdynasties.intheQingDynasty,thebuildingofimperialgardensreacheditsculmination.DuringemperorQianlongsreign,thefamousthreeHillsandFiveGardenswerebuiltonthenorthwestsuburbsofBeijing.theSummerpalacewasapartofitandatthattimewascalledtheGardenofClearRipples.in1860,theanglo-FrenchalliedForcesinvadedBeijing.thethreeHillsandFiveGardenswereburntdowntoashes.
in1888,theempressDowagerCixispentthenavyfundhavingtheGardenofClearRipplesrebuilt.andthensherenamedittheGardenofnurturedHarmony(Summerpalace).
in1900,thealliedForcesofeightpowersinvadedBeijing.theSummerpalacewasonceagainseverelydamaged.itwasrebuiltagainin1902.
in1924,theLastemperorpuyiwasdrivenoutofthepalace,afterthat,theSummerpalacewasturnedintoapublicpark.
LadiesandGentlemen,pleaselookoverthere,infrontofusisanarchway.itiscalledemptinessandthecollectionofexcellence,anditisthefirstsceneryoftheSummerpalace.thetwoChinesewordsonthefrontsideofthearchwaymeanemptinessandrefertoeverythinginnatureandinthescenery.thetwowordsonthebacksidemeanCollectionofexcellenceandrefertothetranquilityofthebeautifulsceneryjustwithinthegarden.
(outsidetheeastpalaceGate)
now,wehavearrivedattheeastpalaceGate.itsthemainentranceoftheSummerpalace.ontopofthegatethereisaplaquewiththreeChinesecharacterstheSummerpalaceinemperorGuangxushandwriting.thegatethatwearenowenteringwasusedbytheemperor,theempressonlyintheolddays.
(insidetheeastpalaceGate)
nowweareinsidetheSummerpalace.infrontofusisthesecondgateoftheSummerpalacetheGateofBenevolenceandLongevity.theannexhallsonbothsideswereusedforofficialsondutyandtheofficesoftheprivyCouncil.well,Beforewestartourtourinthegarden,iwillbrieflyintroduceyouthelayoutoftheSummerpalaceandourtourroute.o.K.,ladiesandgentlemen,mayihaveyourattentionplease?Letslookatthemaptogether,FromitwecanseetheSummerpalacecoversanareaof290hectares,whichthelakeoccupiesthethree-fourths.thewholegardencanbedivideintothreeparts:theareawasforpoliticalactivities,restingplacesoftheemperorandempress,andsightseeingareas.ourtourwillstartfromtheareaofthepoliticalactivities,andendoffthemarbleBoat.ontheway,wewillvisitthemainconstructionsoftheSummerpalace,suchastheHallofJadeRipples,theHallofHappinessandLongevity,theLongCorridor,theHallofDispellingCloudsandsoon.itwilltakeusabouttwohourstovisittheSummerpalace.pleaseattention,wewontwalkbackandourdriverwillpickusupatthenorthGate.Shouldyougetlostorseparatedfromthegroup,pleasemeetusatthenorthGate.
ok,everyone,letsstartourtourfromtheemperorsoffice---theHallofBenevolenceandLongevity.Followmeplease.
(insidethecourtyardoftheBenevolenceandLongevity)
passingthroughtheGateofBenevolenceandLongevity,wehavealreadyenteredthecourtyardoftheHallofBenevolenceandLongevity.thehugerockinfrontofusistaihuRock.itwasquarriedfromtaihuLakeinJiangsuprovince,soitwasknownastaihuRock.pleaselookaroundthecourtyardandyoucanseetherearefourgrotesqueshapedrocksplacedineachcornerofthiscourtyard,representingthefourseasonsoftheyear.thetaihuRocksareusuallyusedasdecorationforbeautifyinggardensandtheyarethin,crease,leakandpenetrationincharacters.
thebronzemythicalanimalbehindthetaihuRockisknownasSuanniorsomepeoplecallitQilin.accordingtoancientChinesemythology,thedragonhadninesons,butnoneofthembecamearealdragon.Suanniwasoneoftheninesonsofthedragon.itwasanauspiciousanimalthatcouldavoidevilspiritsinancientlengeds.Suannihastheheadofdragon,theantlersofdear,thehoovesofoxandthetailoflion.
(infrontoftheHallofBenevolenceandLongevity)
thisgrandhallistheHallofBenevolenceandLongevity.itwasfirstbuiltin1750.thenameofthishalltakenfromabookentitledLunYubyConfuciusdoctrinemeans,thosewhoarebenevolentcanenjoyalonglife.thishallwastheplacewhereemperorGuangxuandempressDowagerCixiheldaudienceandhandledstateaffairswhentheywereintheSummerpalace.Forprotectingthehistoricalculturalrelic,wecouldntenterthehall.SoiwouldliketobrieflyintroduceyouthedecorationsintheHallofBenevolenceandLongevity.thearrangementofthehallhasbeenleftuntouched.inthemiddleofthehallstandsanemperorsthronecarvedwithninedragonsondesign.therearetwobigfansonbothsidesbehindthethronewhicharemadeofpeacockfeathers.Behindthethronethereisabigscreenwithredsandalwoodframeandglassmirrorinlaid.onthemirrorthereare226ChinesecharactersofthewordLongevitywrittenindifferentstyles.therearetwoscrollsoneachsideofthewallwithabigChinesecharacterLongevitywrittenonit.itwassaidthatthewordLongevitywrittenbyempressDowagerCixi.thereare100batspaintedatthebackgroundofthescrollsymbolizinghappiness.
well,pleaselookupthetwopairsofincenseburnersintheshapeofadragonandaphoenixinfrontofthehall.theywereusedtoburnincensestickstocreatetheappropriateatmosphere.intheolddays,thedragonandphoenixwerethesymboloftheemperorandempress.accordingtoritual,thedragonsshouldbeplacedinthecenterwhilephoenixesweretoeithersideinfrontofthehall.However,here,thedragonsareofftothesidesandthephoenixesareinthemiddle.thiswasaproductoftheendofQingDynastywhenempressDowagerCixihandledstateaffairsbehindthescreen.
(attheentranceofGardenofvirtuourHarmony)
wearenowvisitingtheGardenofVirtuousHarmony,whereemperorQianlongandempressDowagerCixiwereentertainedwithBejingoperaperformances.itmainlyconsistsoftheDressingHouse,theGrandtheaterBuildingandtheHallofpleasureSmile.theGrandtheaterBuildingwasknownastheCradleofBeijingoperawasuniquelylaidoutandmagnificentlydecorated.thereare7exhibitionhallswitharticlesofdailyuseondisplayhere.
(infrontoftheGrandtheaterBuilding)
thisistheGrandtheaterBuilding.ofthethreemaintheaterbuildingsoftheQingDynasty,theGrandtheaterBuildingisthetallestandlargestone.theothertwoareChangyinpavilionintheForbiddenCityandQingyinpavilioninthemountainResortinChengde.theGrandtheaterBuilding,athree-storiedstructure,hasadoubleroofwithupturnedeaves.itis21metershighand17meterswide.performancescouldbestagedsimultaneouslyonthreelevels.thetoponewasasymbolofhappiness,themiddlelevelwasemolumentlevelandthebottomstagewasnamedlongevitystage.eachlevelhastheentranceandtheexit.therearesometrapdoorsintheceilingandbelowthefloorforcelestialbeingtoflydownfromtheskyandthedevilstoappearfromtheearthtosetoffacertainatmosphereonthestage.thereisalsoawellandfivepondsbuiltunderthestageforagoodeffectofwaterscenes.thestageisopentothreesides.
well,pleaselookattheconstructionthatstandsrightoppositetheGrandtheaterBuilding,itstheHallofpleasureSmile.theempressDowagerCixiusedbositinsidethehalltowatchandenjoythepekingopera.
(alakesidewalkfromtheGardenofvirtuousHarmonytotheHallofJadeRipples)
wearenowstandinginthemiddleofarockerybehindtheHallofBenevolenceandLongevity.itappearsthattheresnothingspecialahead.However,afterwecleartherockery,wewillreachKunmingLake.thisisanapplicationofaspecificstyleofChinese
gardening.
now,wearewalkingalongthebankoftheKunmingLake.Lookoverthere,notfarawayinthelakethereisanislet.itscalledtheSpringHeraldingislet.thepavilionontheisletiscalledtheSpringHeraldingpavilion.anumberofwillowtreesandpeachtreeswereplantedonthisislet.inearlyspring,whentheicebeginstomelt,peachtreesareredinpinkblossoms,willowtreesturnatendergreensignalingthattheearlyspringhasreturned.HencethenameHeraldingSpingpavilion.
(infrontoftheHallofJadeRipples)
thisgroupofspecialandquietcourtyarddwellingsistheHallofJadeRipples.thewordsJadeRipplescamefromaverseGentleripplesgushingoutofJadeSpring,whichreferstotheripplingwaterinthelake.itwasfirstusedbyemperorQianlongtoattendtostateaffairs.inthelateQingDynasty,itwaswhereemperorGuangxuwasputunderhousearrest.
thishallisahallmarkofthemovementof1898.emperorGuangxuwasemperorDowagerCixisnephew.afteremperortongzhidied,emperorDowagerCiximadehernephew,whowasatthattimefouryearsoldasuccessorinordertocontinueherholdonimperialpower.Shehandledstateaffairsbehindthescreen.afteremperorGuangxumanagedstateaffairspersonallyattheageof19,apoliticalconflictoccurredbetweentheconservativesandthereformers.in1898,theReformmovementtookplacewiththeaimofsustainingthecoreprinciplesoftheQingDynastywhilereformingoutdatedlaws.themovementlastedfor103daysuntilitwassuppressedbyempressDowagerCixi.itwascalledtheHundred-DayReform.afterthereformfailed,emperorGuangxuwasputunderhousearresthere.Forthestrictcontrolofhim,empressDowagerCixiorderedtobuildmanybrickwallsinthefront,back,andontherightandleftoftheHallofJadeRipples.atthattimethehallwasentirelysealedup,justlikeaprison.todayonlythehiddenwallsintheeastandwestannexroomstillmaintainitsoriginalappearance.itisopentovisitorsastherelicrelatedtothe1898Reformmovement.
(infrontoftheChamberofCollectingBooks)
thisistheChamberofCollectingBooks.inChinese,itscalledYiYunGuang.Yunwasakindoffragrantweed.inancienttimes,itwasusuallyusedastermiterepellentinroomswherebookswerestored.intheemperorQianlongsreign,thepurposeofthehallwasforcollectingbooks.Lateritwasconvertedintoaresidence.thereusedtobetheresidenceofGuangxusempressLongyu,andhisfavoriteconcubineZhenfei.
(intheHallofHappinessandLongevity)
thisgroupofcourtyardistheHallofHappinessandLongevity.itwasthemajorarchitecturalstructureinthelivingquartersandtheresidenceofempressDowagerCixi.thewholecompoundwasbasicallymadeofwood,whichisidealforventilationandlighting.withitsquietandtastefullayout,theHallofHappinessandLongevitymadelifeveryeasyandconvenient.infrontoftheHallofHappinessandLongevitythereisahugerockplacedinthemiddleofthiscourtyardnamedQingZhiXiuandnicknamedasFamilyBankruptcyRock.thishugerockwasdiscoveredinFangshanDistrictbyamingofficialmiwanzhong.HewantedtotransportittohisowngardenShaoyuan.intheolddays,transportingsuchrockwasverydifficult.afterspendingallhismoneytoshipit,hestillcouldnotsucceedindoingthis.thebigrockwasthenleftontheroadsidesomewherenearLiangxiangCounty,30kilometerssouthwestofBeijing.HenceitwasnicknamedFamilyBancruptcyRock.LateremperorQianlongdiscovereditandtransportedtotheGardenofClearRipplesandlaidinfrontoftheHallofHappinessandLongevity.thecolorfulglasschandeliershanginginsidethehallwasintroducedfromGermanyin1903.itisoneoftheearliestelectriclightsinChina.
(infrontoftheGateofinvitingthemoonoftheLongCorridor)
LadiesandGentlemen,youmayhavevisitedsomeofthebestmuseumsintheworld,suchastheLouvreinFranceandthemuseumofGreatBritain.nowiwillshowyouaspecialgalleryinthepalacetheLongCorridor.in1990,theLongCorridorwaslistedintheGuinnessBookofworldRecordsasthelongestpaintedcorridorintheworld.itwouldbeapityifweleavetheSummerpalacewithoutvisitingtheLongCorridorandthemarbleBoat.now,herewego,theLongCorridorfirst!
(StrollingalongtheLongCorridor)
theLongCorridorstartsfromtheGateinvitingthemoontotheShizhangGate.itis728meterslongandconsistsof273sections.theLongcorridorisoneofthemajorstructuresoftheSummerpalace.SincethecorridorwasdesignedtofollowthephysicalfeaturesofthesouthernslopeofLongevityHill,fourmultiple-eaved,octagonalpavilions(RetainingtheGoodnesspavilion,LivingwiththeRipplespavilion,autumnwaterpavilion,ClearandFarpavilion)wereplacedatbendsandundulation,theyrepresentfourseaonsofayear.thusvisitorswillhardlynoticetheriseandfalloftheterrain.asamajorpartofthearchitecturalstyleoftheSummerpalace,theLongCorridorservesasaningeniousconnectorbetweentheLakeandtheHill.Scatteredbuildingsonthesouthernslopewerelinkedtocreateaunifiedcomplex.
theLongCorridoristhelongestcoveredverandainanyChinesegarden.onthepurlinsandbeamsofthecoveredveranda,thereareover14,000Suzhoustylepaintings.amongthem,thereare546colorpaintingsrelatingtothescenesofwestLakeinHangzhou,Zhejiangprovince.Besidethecolorfulpaintingsofnaturalscenery,therearealsoscenesofflowers,birds,fish,insects,mythologyandfigures.thepaintingsoffiguresaremainlyadaptedfromancientChineseclassicalliterature,suchaspilgrimagetothewest,theRomanceofthethreeKingdoms,thewesternChamber,watermargin,andtheDreamoftheRedmansion.
(infrontoftheGateofDispellingClouds)
nowweareapproachingthecentralpartofthestructuresonthelakesideslope,thetowerofBuddhistincensewithintheHallofDispellingClouds.thecentralaxislinestartsfromthewharfnexttothelaketotheSeaofwisdomontopoftheHill.themainarchitecturalstructuresherearetheGateofDispellingClouds,HallofDispellingclouds,towerofBuddhistincenseandtheSeaofwisdom,whichaltogetherformasplendidthree-dimensionallandscape.thelayoutofthisgroupofarchitectureswasbasedonscenesdescribedinBuddhistsutras.thisgroupofstructuresareamongthemostmagnificentlyconstructedhereintheSummerpalace.thisisagoodplacetotakingphotos,wewillstayhereforabout15minutes.
nowwearewalkingcontinuelyalongtheLongCorridor,thenextscenewearegoingtovisitismarbleBoat.
Lookoverthere!HalfwayuptheslopetherestandstheHallofListeningtoorioles.itwastheplaceforemperorandempresstoenjoyoperaandcourtmusic.itissaidthesingingoforiolesisverypleasing.BeforetheGardenofVirtuousHarmonywasbuilt,empressDowagerCixienjoyedoperaandmusichere.nowthehallisoneofthemostfamousrestaurantsinChina,featuringimperialdishesanddesserts.
英文导游词篇7
“跨文化交际是指不同文化背景的人们（信息发出者和信息接受者）之间的交际;从心理学的角度讲，信息的编、译码是由来自不同文化背景的人所进行的交际就是跨文化交际”。翻译已不再仅仅被看作是语言符号的转换，而是一种文化转化的模式。随着旅游业国际化进程的不断深入，跨文化交流日趋频繁，文化冲突的可能性越来越大。因此，跨文化交际不仅对所有的译者都非常重要，对导游词的英译尤为重要。换种角度说，景点导游词（以下简称导游词）的汉译英，即一种典型的跨文化翻译。丽江以其美丽的景色，独特的文化资源吸引着全世界的人们前来旅游观光。但丽江目前旅游文本英译现状却令人堪忧。因此，对导游词英译的跨文化问题进行研究不仅具有理论意义，更有现实意义。
一、导游词翻译的含义
“导游词是导游人员在途中或景点等地向游客提供口头讲解服务所使用的，其主要功能是使游客更好地了解旅游地的自然风光和民俗风情。”“导游词的创作和实地的口语导游的讲解既是独立分离的两个阶段，又是相互联系的统一体，这一过程可以图示如下：导游词（书面语）――导游――导游词（口语）――游客。”导游词的翻译既可以是口译，也可以是笔译。这是由导游词这种文本类型所决定的。
二、跨文化交际的主要障碍
跨文化导游词翻译经常会发生故障。这不仅涉及老生常谈的拼写、语法、词汇、滥用拼音等，而且涉及语用失误和文化信息处理等方面的问题。
（一）景点名称英译不统一
旅游景点名的翻译主要包括意译、直译、音译、意译加音译、直译加音译及意译加直译等几种。然而，何时采用什么译法就需要译者考虑跨文化因素。奈达曾说：“如果译者不向假想读者调整信息负荷，接受者就可能失去信息中的一些关键因素，或觉得译文太难懂而停止阅读。”丽江景点名称英译存在一景多名的不统一。参看了丽江景点图册、旅游图书及景点公示牌简介，同一个景点名有各种版本译名。“玉龙雪山”有YulongSnow-Cappedmountain、YulongSnowmountain和JadeDragonSnowmountain等几种译法，甚至在同一份旅游资料中，前后使用不同的表达;“白沙壁画”有的译为BaishaFrescoes，也有Baishamural;“五凤楼”有的译为Five-phoenixHall，有的译为Five-phoenixpavilion等。笔者跟随几个外团收集资料，其间发现不同外导游对景点名的口译也是五花八门。如此，容易使外国游客产生怀疑，翻译显得太随意。
（二）中英导游词表达习惯不一致
汉语属于意合语言，英语为形合语言，这种差异造成汉语导游词句型华丽、注重文采;而英语则注重表达的信息性，属实性。英国翻译理论家彼得・纽马克将文本分为三大类：表达型文本、信息型文本和召唤型文本。导游词具有旅游文本召唤、宣称的特点，目的在于激发游客游览的兴趣，增强他们对异国文化的了解。例如，玉龙雪山银装素裹，十三座雪峰连绵不绝，宛若一条“巨龙”腾越飞舞，故称为“玉龙”。此段落中文导游词文辞华丽，诗意盎然，以达到诗情画意的审美效果。而参看景区导游图英文介绍为：YulongSnowmountainisalwayscoveredwithsnowandanextensivechainof13snowpeakslookslikeaflyingdragon，socalled“JadeDragon”.体现了英语注重的信息和事实性的特征。
（三）民族特色文化词的不可译性
语言既是文化载体，又是文化的一个重要组成部分。由于中、西方不同的历史条件、地域环境、社会习俗、和价值观念，致使汉、英两种语言出现了一些不对应现象，主要表现在语义上无对应和词汇空缺。文化层面的不可译性，显然是我们交际的最大障碍。不可译的结果往往使译作令人不知所云或不忍卒读，译作的可读性便成了紧要的问题。跨文化语境下的可读性问题。纽马克指出：在翻译评论者的眼里，一般读者所能接受的译作，如果准确度打了折扣，则是不可接受的。不可译但强行译之，语义或形式出现重大亏损，那么就会带来交际障碍，不可译的结果只能等于没有译，或几乎没有译。由于译入语不可避免地存在语言和文化的空白，定会产生不可译的问题，主要表现在比喻、意象、修辞、双关语等方面。
对于不可译词，目前主要倾向于两种解决办法：一是按照字面直译，二是彻底删除不译。前者会因语义不明而导致译犹未译，后者看上去则有些不负责任。两种方法都不太可取。例如，玉龙雪山在纳西语中被称为“欧鲁”译为“olu”，后加释译：silverrock;“吾鲁游翠阁”译为“wu-Lu-You-Cui-Ge”，后加释译：thelandofdyingforlove。它们是丽江地域中历史文化的沉淀，是汉语中独有的词汇，蕴含着深刻而独特的历史文化内容，而在英语中却找不到与之相对应的词汇。如果只采用简单的音译，不免丢失其深层的文化信息。
（四）民族中心主义与导游词英译
民族中心主义就是按照本族文化的观念和标准去解释和评价另一种文化现象、事物和他人的行为。民族中心主义阻断了文化间的有效互动与交流，导致文化上的自大和偏见，制约了人们理解其他文化的能力。若将导游词翻译过分带入民族主义的思想，而不考虑译文读者的接受心理及能力，偏离异化策略的标准。例如，如果将“三坊一照壁，四合五天井”简单的译为threeZhaobisquare，fourfiveyard，那么，这样的译文只能自己津津乐道，达不到传播民族文化的目的，造成交际的障碍。合理的译文应该为：threehousesandonescreenwall，orasfourhousesandfivecourtyards.又如，将“木府”译为：mu’smansion（themansionofthemagistratemu），而非简单的mu’shouse，达到了交际效果。
（五）古诗词及文言文的跨文化翻译
中国文化源远流长、一脉相承。大多数旅游景点都留有古代名人优美的诗词歌赋佳作，增加了景点的文化内涵，更体现了汉语文化的优势与博大精深。古诗词及文言文具有文笔优美，文化性、抒情性强的特点。根据现代翻译学理论，导游词文本具有“表情文本”（expressivetext）的特色及功能。例如，丽江古城形成“家家溪水绕户转，户户垂杨赛江南”的独特风貌，被誉为“高原姑苏”。译文：thetownisuniquelycharacterizedas“riverswindingthrougheveryhouseandwillowsweepingbeforeeveryfamily”，beingcalled“GaoyuanGusu”.导游词中出现古代诗词歌赋和四字成语是越来越多，整齐、优美、押韵的诗词更能体现文化的精深和景点的秀美。若置中国古诗词于不顾，可谓典型地缺乏跨文化意识，缺乏译者责任感;反之，蹩脚译文又会让人哭笑不得。当年徐霞客曾赞叹木府“宫宝之丽，拟于王者”，吴的译文为“themagnificenceofthemansioncanbecomparedtothatofaprince’sresidence”，译文将原文的风格与韵律原汁原味传达出来，这不是件易事。
（六）文化信息处理
导游词属“信息文本”（informativetext）。翻译时“要重达，便是漏译一两句也无关宏旨。”另一方面，根据从受话人着眼（hearer-oriented）的Halliday的信息理论，信息单位分为已知信息（giveninformation，即说话人认为受话人已知的、也应是受话人确实应了解的）和新信息（newinformation），根据导游翻译应是“文化的使者”，以传播中国文化为己任的原则，而了解中国文化也正是来华旅游者的重要目的或主要目的，译者在处理导游词时应以旅游者为导向（tourist-oriented），尽量保存中国文化等信息。但在实际操作中，往往与上述原则不一致。例如，“黑龙潭”“玉龙雪上”中“，龙”一词均译为Dragon，中国文化中“龙”是民族传说中的神物，是中华民族的图腾和心中的圣物，然而在英语文化中dragon是一种恐怖的怪兽，被寓意为“怪物、魔鬼、凶残”，是“罪恶”的象征。此时一定要介绍一下传统文化的来由及历史、神话传说或典故，避免引起外国游客的理解错误。
三、导游词英译中消除跨文化障碍的主要措施
跨文化交际包括语言交际和非语言交际。语言像一面镜子，反映着民族的全部文化，又像一个窗口揭示着该文化的一切内容。每个民族都有自己的文化。这种文化是在特定自然环境、历史条件、地理位置和社会现实中形成的，因此具有特殊性。要想达到两种文化的沟通和理解，就必须理解本民族文化与其他民族文化的差异。
（一）具备跨文化意识，减少语用失误
所谓文化意识，指的是对文化多元性的意识和对差异的宽容态度、对异文化成员的共情能力，以及对自身文化价值观念及行为方式的觉察和反省。导游词翻译是传播文化的重要渠道，世界各国之间的文化传统、民俗风情各不相同，旅游者的价值观念、思维方式各不相同，跨文化性是导游词翻译的显著特点。导游词译者除了具备随机应变的能力，特别要求译者在翻译的过程中要以跨文化意识为指导，为游客传递准确的文化信息，尽量减少因文化差异而引起的语用失误和误解。因此，跨文化意识、跨文化思维及跨文化知识是导游词译者的必备素质，跨文化意识的自觉培养有助于减少乃至消除交际中的语用失误，从而促使跨文化交际的成功实现。
（二）深刻理解文化差异
对于本土人，纳西文化几乎耳熟能详，因而在导游词的原文中无须作详细的描写和诠释。然而，对于外国游客，却是前所未闻的文化知识。文化差异形成了固有的审美情趣和欣赏习惯，从而制约着他们对语言的直觉和对语言的表达方式。首先，译文在译入语语境中附有“意义”;另外，译者应选用注释和增补甚至改写的翻译方法，填补由于跨文化差异所导致的文化空缺。
（三）掌握沟通的方法和技巧
不同文化背景的人，由于价值观念、思维方式、情感和行为方式不同，往往会产生理解上的障碍。导游词的英译应善于把握由于社会历史差异和民族文化心理造成的距离，应充分考虑译文读者的文化心理和审美情趣，迎合读者审美诉求。
（四）适当的异化翻译策略
适当的异化策略，能使译文不仅具有异国情调，且听起来就像是带有口音的英语，值得欣赏，但过分加重口音，就会影响理解能力，甚至丧失兴趣，导致翻译失真问题出现。而简单的归化不仅删除了特色内容，甚至偏离、扭曲了原文要表达的含意。此时，跨文化交际的态度是至关重要的。
英文导游词篇8
Locatedatthecenterofthemainlandscoastline,Shanghaihaslongbeenamajorhubofcommunications,transportation,andinternationalexchange.themunicipalitycoversanareaof6,341squarekilometersandhasapopulationofmorethan13.5million.ShanghaiisChinaslargesteconomiccomprehensiveindustrialbase,andafamoushistoricalandculturalcity.
thecityconsistentlyattractsinvestmentandisseenasanidealvenueforbusinessgatherings.itisalsoamustonanyagendaduringatourofChina.Shanghaihasfosteredacomprehensivetransportationnetworkthatincorporatesland,sea,andairtravel,aswellasaconvenienturbantransportationsystem.morethan300airlinesservethecity,provingdirectflightstomorethan20countriesandregions.theadditionoftheShanghaipudonginternationalairport,whichwentintooperationin1999,isexpectedtoincreasetheannualpassengervolumetosome20million.
SpecialtouristtrainsrunningbetweenShanghaiandtheneighboringprovincesofJiangsuandZhejiang,aswellastouristbusroutesalongnewly-constructedexpressways,offergreatconvenienceforregionaltravel.Shanghaihasmorethan400travelagenciestoassistvisitors,andthe127star-ratedhotelsofferatotalof40,000guestrooms.
VisitorstoShanghaiarenotonlydazzledbythemodernmetropolisandgatewaytoadevelopingChina,butarealsoabletoimmersethemselvesintheuniqueShanghaiculture,acombinationofChineseandwesternelements.ColorfulfestivalsandcelebrationsdottheyearlyShanghaiactivitiescalendar,suchastheShanghainanhuipeachBlossomsFestival,ShanghaiinternationalteaCultureFestivalandShanghaiChinainternationalartFestival.
Shanghaihasalsointroducedspecialtourpackagesaimedatthedifferentinterestsofvisitors,suchasbicyclingtours,hikingtours,gourmettours,rehabilitationandhealthcaretours,studytours,Japaneseyoungwomenstours,honeymoontours,andconventionandexhibitiontours.
thewell-knownBundisamustforvisitorstoShanghai.Fifty-twobuildingsliningthenarrowshorelineoftheHuangpuRiverofferalivingexhibitionofGothic,Baroque,Roman,ClassicRevivalandRenaissancearchitecturalstyles,aswellascombinationsofChineseandwesternstyles.theyarealsoacondensationoftherecenthistoryofthecity.thewideembankmentoffersampleroomforstrollingandisusedbylocalsformorningexercisesandeveninggatherings.intheevening,colorfullightsilluminatetheareaandcreateashimmeringimagedeservingofthenamepearloftheorient.
theYuGardensareaclassicallandscapeintheSouthernChinesestylewithahistoryofmorethan400years.pavilions,halls,rockeriesandpondsdisplaythefinestinlandscapingfromtheSouthernstyleasseeninthemingandQingdynasties.morethan40landscapeswereingeniouslyseparatedbylatticedwalls,windingcorridors,andlatticewindows.
peoplesSquarehasbecomethepoliticalandculturalcenterinShanghaisince1994,whenitwasrebuilt.inandaroundthesquareareamassivefountainnamedtheLightofHuangpuRiver,10,000squaremetersoflawns,sixgroupsofreliefcarvingsthatdepictthehistoryofShanghai,thenewShanghaimuseum,theofficesofthemunicipalgovernment,anundergroundshoppingplaza,theShanghaiGrandtheaterandtheShanghaiexhibitionCenter
theorientpearltVtower
theorientpearltVtoweris468metershigh,thetallestinasiaandthirdtallestintheworld.itfacestheBundacrosstheHuangpuRiver.whenviewedfromtheBund,thetowerandthenanpuandYangpubridgescreateavividimageryknownastwodragonsplayingwithapearl.thesphereatthetophasadiameterof45metersandis263metersaboveground.theobservationdeckinthesphereoffersasweepingviewofthecity.therevolvingrestaurantissetat267metersabovepudongnewarea.thedanceball,pianobarand20karaokerooms,at271meters,arealsoopenedtothepublic.thepenthouse,whichsitsat350meters,hasanobservationdeck,meetingroom,andcoffeeshop.thetowerintegratesbroadcastingtechnologieswithsightseeing,catering,shopping,amusement,andaccommodations.ithasbecomethesymbolofthecityandamajortouristattractioninShanghai.
CruiseontheHuangpuRiver
CruisingontheHuangpuRiver,visitorscangazeatthemightyskyscrapers,themonumenttowertothepeoplesHeroes,thefamouswaibaiduBridgeandHuangpuparkononebank,andtheorientpearltVtower,internationalConvertionCenter,JinmaoBuildingandthenewlyrisingpudongnewareaontheother.theYangpuandnanpubridgesspantheriver.Fromtheriver,visitorscanalsoviewtheruinsofancientcannonemplacementsandfortificationsatwusongandthemagnificentviewoftheYangtzeRiverasitemptiesintothesea.
nanjingRoadeast,honoredasChinasno.lStreet,hasbecomeanall-weatherpedestrianarcade.Shopsandrestaurantsprovideproductsandserviceswiththeirowncharacteristics,makingitanidealplacethatintegratesshopping,restaurants,amusementandsightseeing.
themuseumandtombarelocatedinLuXunpark.LUXunwasanimminentmanofletters.themuseumexhibitsLuXunsmanuscripts,someofhispersonaleffects,document.,andphotos.theheadstoneatthetombofLuXunisinthecalligraphyofVhioZedongandreadsthetombofmr.LuXun.
Dr.SunsResidence
Dr.SunYat-sen,theforerunneroftheChinesedemocraticrevolution,andhiswilrSoongChingLing,livedinthisbuildingfrom1918to1924.itwasintheresidencethatDr.SunYat-senmetrepresentativesoftheCommunistpartyandfosteredthefirstcooperationbetweentheChineseCommunistpartyandtheKuomintang.
SoongChingLingsResidence
thisistheformerresidenceofSoongChingLing.anhonorarychairwomanofthepeoplesRepublicofChinaandthewidowofSunYat-sen.Shelived,worked,andstudiedhereduringthelastyearsofherlife.
BirthplaceoftheCommunistpartyofChina.
inJulyof1921,theFirstnationalCommunistpartyCongresswasheldinthisbuilding.thecongresspassedthepartysprogramandresolutions,electedthecentralcommittee,anddeclaredthefoundingoftheCpC.
ShanghaiLibrary
thenewShanghaiLibrary,whichcoversanareaofsome80,000squaremeters,hasacollectionof13millionbooksandisconsideredoneofthetoptenlibrariesintheworld.thelibraryincorporatestheopen-stacksapproachfavoredinthewest,whichallowsforconvenienceinborrowingbooks.
ShanghaiGrandtheater
英文导游词篇9
1)theministerofRiteswouldreceivetheedictintaihedian(HallofSupremeHarmony),wheretheemperorwasholdinghiscourt.theministerwouldthencarrythedecreeonayunpan(trayofcloud),andwithdrawfromthehallviataihemen(GateofsupremeHarmony)
2)theministerwouldputthetrayinaminiaturelongting(dragonpavilion).Beneathayellowumbrellaandcarryitviawumen(meridianGate),totian＇anmenGatetower.3)acourtierwouldbeinvestedtoproclaimtheedict.thecivilandmilitaryofficialsliningbothsidesofthegatewaybeneaththetowerwouldprostratethemselvesinthedirectionoftheemperorinwaitingforthedecreetotheproclaimed.
4)thecourtierwouldthenputtheedictinaphoenix-shapedwoodenboxandloweritfromthetowerbymeansofasilkcord.thedocumentwouldfinallybecarriedinasimilartrayofcloudunderayellowumbrellatotheministryofRites.
5)theedict,copiedonyellowpaper,wouldbemadeknowntothewholecountry.SuchaprocesswashistoricallyrecordedasimperialedictissuedbyGoldenphoenix.DuringthemingandQingdynastiestian＇anmenwasthemostimportantpassage.itwasthisgatethattheemperorandhisretinuewouldgothroughontheirwaytothealtarsforritualandreligiousactivities.
英文导游词篇10
ChineseBuddhisttemplesareneversinglebuildings.theyalwaysconsistofagroupbuildingsfollowingafundamentalpatter,whichcan,however,bemodified.themainbuildingsandtheirsymmetricallycorrespondingsecondarybuildingsformindividualgroupsandcourtyards.theentiretemplecomplexisspacious.thebuildinginsidethecomplexareusuallysingle-storiedandthemainhallsaresometimesdecoratedwithadoubleroof.thetowers,pavilionsandhallscanbemulti-storiedstructures.
theChinesetemplecomplexhasbeensubjecttogreatstructuralchangesthroughoutthecenturies.ButtemplearchitectsfollowthebasicprinciplesofsecularstructuresfromthetangDynastyonwards.thecomplexesstandonacentralaxis,usuallyanorth-southaxis:east-westonlyasanexception.(Guiyuantempleisjusttheveryexception.)themainbuildingsarestrungalongthiscentralaxis,theirbroadestsidesfacingsouthoreast.
themostimportantandmostfrequentlypresentedbuildinginsideaBuddhisttemplecomplexarethemainentrancegate,thebellanddrumtowers,theHalloftheHeavenlyKings,theHalloftheBuddhaandapagoda.
Buddhismissaidtobefoundedinindiainthe6thcenturyBCbySiddathaGautama(BC565–BC486),thesonofanoblemanandmemberoftheKshatriyacastenearthepresentbordersofindiaandnepal.BuddhismadvocatesthatallthepeoplearecreatedequalandturnsagainstthecastesystemofBrahmanism,soitwaspopularwiththecommonpeople.
itwassaidthatBuddhismwasspreadtoChinain2BC.atthebeginning,itwasonlyregardedasakindofwitch.about200aD,ChineseversionofBuddhistscripturesbegantoappear,andthus,BuddhistdoctrinesbegantoemergewithtraditionalChinesereligiousthought.From2ndcenturytolate6thcentury,translationandresearchofBuddhistsectswithChinesecharacteristicswerebecomingmoreandmorepopularandmanytempleswerebuilt,whichreacheditspeakinSuiDynasty(581aD-617aD)andtangDynasty(618-907).SomeBuddhistsectswithChinesecharacteristicscameintobeing.BuddhismexertsagreatinfluenceonChinesephilosophy,literature,artandfolkcustoms.
whatispresentedbeforeoureyesisacopperstatueofafamousbodhisattvainHynayanaBuddhism.BodhisattvaisatittlewhichisonlynexttoBuddha.thisstatueistheimageofavalokitesvara,whichhasbeenpopularwithChinesepeopleormorethan1,000years.SheiscalledtheGoddessofmercycordiallybyChineseandisregardedasthesymbolofkindness,mercyandbenevolence.whenwevisittheavalokitesvarapavilionafterawhile,iwillgiveadetailedintroductionabouther.thiscopperstatuewassenttoGuiyuantemplebytaiwanBuddhistsinSeptember1990.itshowsthatallChinese,whetherinthemainlandorintaiwan,areeagerforthereunionofthecountry,evenincludingreligionbelievers.
thebuildingweseenowistheBuddhaHallwhereonecertainBuddhaandhistwoassistantbodhisattvasesareworshiped.thisBuddhaisamitabhaBuddha.amitabhameansincomparablebrightness.accordingtoBuddhism,timeandspaceislimitlessandthustherearemanymanyBuddhasindifferentspacesandtimes.Butinacertainspaceorinacertainperiodoftime,thereisonlyonecertainBuddhawhoisinchargeofinstructingalllivingcreatures.amitabhaBuddhaistheBuddhawhopresidesovertheLandofUltimateBlissinthewest,whichwillcomeinthefuture.BuddhistscripturesdescribetheLandofUltimateBlissasawonderland,inwhichnopainexistsandthepeopleenjoytheirlives.inoneword,it’sveryattractive.Somepeoplewillthinkitmustbeverydifficulttoentersuchaworld.Howcanigotosuchaparadise?maybeihavetoworkhardandbearalotofsufferings.infact,it’sveryeasytoentertheworld.Heonlyneedoftenmurmur‘mayBuddhapreserveus’sincerely.it’senough.
Yousee,thestatueinthemiddleistheveryBuddha.onhisleftistheGoddessofmercy.onhisrightistheotherbodhisattvawhofollowstheBuddha.itissaidthathecansaveallthelivingcreaturesfromthreekindsofterribledisasters.
now,let’sstepintotheBuddhistscripturespavilionwherethescripturesofBuddhismarekept.Buti‘mafraidwhatattractsourattentionatthefirstsightmustbethissnow-whitestatue.itisastatueofSakyamuni,thefounderofBuddhism.thisstatuewascarvedoutofabigpieceofjadewhichis2-meter-tallandweighs3tons.itwascarvedbymyanmarhandicraftsmenanddonatedtothetemplebytheRangoonBuddhistsin1935.
ifwewatchthestatue,wemaysensethatthepeacefulexpressionontheBuddha’sfacehasbroughtustoaquietandharmoniousstate.
thelastbuildingwewillvisitistheavalokitesvarapavilioninthenorthyard.whenweenteredtheyardjustnowwesawastatueofher.nowi’dliketointroducehercarefully.
asagoddess,shesworethatshewouldnotbecomeaBuddhauntilallthelivingcreaturessufferingfrompainsweresaved.SoshebecameabodhisattvawhoismostpopularamongthepeopleandattractsthemostbelieversofallthegodsandgoddessesinBuddhism.itwassaidthatonewouldbesavedfromtroubleanddisasteraslongashe(she)chantedhernameandifitwasheardbyher.thussheiscalledGuanshiyin,whichmeans‘hearingorlookingonthevoicesofthesuffering’.Becauseofherkindheartandbenevolenceshegotanothertitle‘theGoddessofmercy’.
accordingtoBuddhism,bodhisattvaseshavenodistinctionofsex,thatis,theyareneithermalenorfemale,becausetheyareimmortals.Butit’sverystrangeandinterestingthatmostofbodhisattvaseswereengravedorcarvedintheimagesofvariouskindsofmeninhumansociety.Changesdidn’ttakeplaceuntilanemperor’smotherthoughtitwasinconvenienttoworshipamalebodhisattvainherbedroom.Fromthenon,Guanshiyin,thebodhisattvasbegantoappearbeforeherbelieversintheimageofabeautifulandelegantlady.
we’llpayavisittoaveryserious,sacredplace.Generally,theplaceisregardedasthemostholybyBuddhists.itistheGrandHall,wherethefounderofBuddhism,Sakyamuniisworshiped.itisalwaysthecenterofaBuddhisttempleinconstructionandinBuddhists’mind.
thestatueinthemiddleisSakyamuni.accordingtoBuddhismhismothergavebirthtohiminagarden.HebelongedtoKshatreyaCaste.Hemarriedhiscousinwhenhewas16or17yearsold.attheageof29,hewasconfrontedwiththesightsofanoldman,asickman,acorpse,andawanderingascetic.witheyesopenedtoaspectsoflifenewlyrevealedtohim,hebrokefromthematerialworldandbecameanascetic.Sixyearslater,hegaveupmysticconcentrationthatatlastbroughthimenlightenmentunderabotree.Hethenfoundedanorderofmendicantsandspenthisnext45yearspreachinghisideasuntilhisdeath.
thesetwostatuebesidetheBuddhaarehistwodisciples.theoneontherightwassaidtobeSakyamuni’scousinandhehadgoodmemorysothathecouldrememberalltheBuddhatoldhisdisciples.theoneontheleftwassaidtobethelordofBrahmnismandheoncewasSakyamuni’stutor.ButafterwardshewasconvincedbyBuddhismafterlong-termdebatebetweenBuddhismandotherreligionsandheacceptedSakyamuniashistutor.thushebecametheeldestoneofallSakyamuni’sdisciples.
next,we’llpayavisittotheahratHallinthesouthcourt.
theahratHallisanimportantstructureinaBuddhisttemple.ButnotalltempleshaveanahratHall,especially,well-keptahratHallsareveryrareinChina.thisoneisamongthem,andwhat’smore,ithasitsownuniquecharacteristics.
Generally,anahratHallisasquarebuilding.thebuildingissubdividedintofoursmallsquarecourtssothatthehallcangetenoughsunlight.thiskindofstructureshowsomeluckyimpliesinChineseBuddhistculture.
anothercharacteristicaboutthehallliesinthesesculpturesthemselves.theywereneithermadeupofwood,norstone,norclay.aspecialwaywastakeninmakingthem,whichcouldpreventsthemfrombeingburned,beingsoakedorbeingeatenbyinsects.allthesculptureswerefloatinginwaterwhilewuhanwasfloodedin1954,but,surprisingly,theyweresoundandsafeafterthefloodhadreceded.itwasreallyawonder.
ahratsaretheimmortalsinBuddhism.Butwhenyouhavealookaroundthesculptures,youmayfindfromtheexpressionsontheirfacesthattheyaresofamiliartoyou.that’sonlybecausetheyweremoldedonthebasisofthepeopleinthereality,sotheyarehumanbeingsinourdailyliferatherthanimmortals.