2013年外研社作文大赛范文第1篇
thejudgeswereaskedtoevaluatetheessaysinthewritingcompetitionaccordingtothreecriteria:content/ideas,organisation/development,andlanguage.ishallfollowthisformat.
Contentwasexcellent,verywell-arguedandthought-through.thewriter’srangeofknowledgeofcurrentsocialissueswasimpressive,coveringgenetics,cloning,ai,disease,mooCsandthenewYorkstockmarket.She/hearguedpersuasivelyforthecontinuingevolutionofhumanitythroughadvancesinmedicine,aiandtechnologyratherthanalongSirDavidattenborough’smoresimplisticviewofevolutionasaDarwiniansurvivalofthefittest.
organisationanddevelopmentwerealsooutstanding.thewriterfollowedalogicalprogression,numberingher/hispointsandwithclearandorderedwriting.Sentencestructurewasgood,andher/hisideaswerepresentedwithclarityandintelligence.theargumenthadanintroduction,definiteparagraphswithseparatepointsandaclearconclusion,andtheargumentwaseasytofollowyetwithintricateknowledge.
Languagewaswherethewriterfelldown.althoughcomplexvocabularywasusedwidelyandforthepartcorrectly,thispieceisnotimmunefromsimplegrammaticalmistakes–inparticular
ingeneral,thiswasanoutstandingpieceofargument,clearandlogicalandusingawiderangeofideasandconcepts.
上周读过写作大赛高分议论文之后，是否感到意犹未尽，余韵悠长。
本次将为大家带来2019“外研社·国才杯”全国英语写作大赛决赛冠军的记叙文佳作，一起感受选手笔下的动人故事，聆听专家的细致点评！
HumanCivilizationoutshinesHumanintervention
Recentyearshavewitnessedtheheateddiscussionconcerningthepotentiallydireconsequencesentailedbytheunprecedentedlyfastdevelopmentofhumansociety.Somepeoplefearthattheuncontrolledadvancementofscienceandtechnologywillbringaboutadverseramificationswhichwouldeventuallytakeadeadlytollonhumanbeingsitself.accordingtothem,^v^thedoomsdayclockisonthevergeofstriking^v^ifwedonotendeavortostophumaninterventionbeforeitistoolate.However,myviewonthisissueisdifferent.theso-called^v^humanintervention^v^is,ifweviewitfromanotherperspective,actually^v^humancivilization^v^,whichisnotsupposedtobetoblameforitsgrandeurandsophistication.
inthefirstplace,thefast-growingmedicaltechnologyhavebeenmakinggreatcontributionstohumanevolving.thankstotheprogressmadeinmedicalcaresandhospitalfacilities,humanbeingsareabletolivelongerandsurviveharshcircumstancesunderwhichourpredecessorsarevulnerabletodiseaseanddeath,suchasthedessertzonesoricyantarcticareas.also,humanbeingshavebeendevelopingspecialtreatmentstocombatwhatwasformerlyseenasincurablecancers,suchasmalaria,^v^,andebola,managingtosavelivesandincreasepeople'ssenseofsecurityandhappiness.alltheupliftingresultsisevidencedinthegloballifeexpectancysurgingfromabout40yearsoldinthe20thcentury-thenumberofwhichwasmuchdismalinunder-developedcountries-toover65nowadays.therefore,insteadofclaimingsuchhumaninterventionspreventusfromadaptingtoinfectiousdiseasethroughnaturalselection,weoughttocometotherealizationthathumansareevolvinginamoreeffectiveandefficientway,thatis,throughtechnologicaladvancement.
Secondly,thehighlydevelopedgeneticknowledgeisincreasingbiodiversityinsteadofdestroyingit.Sincehumanbeingsbecamecuriousabouthowlifeformsandhowmyriadsoforgansandsystemsfunctioninhumanbodies,theworldhasseentheburgeoningofbiotechnologyandgeneticresearch.throughalltheamazingfindingsbyscientistsandresearchers,humanbeingsnotonlyhaveabettergraspofthesecretsoflife,butalsoproposenewwaystoenrichlifeforms.Becauseofcloning,weareableto^v^duplicate^v^endangeredanimalswhichwouldhavebeenextinctotherwise.Becauseofgeneticadvancement,weareabletoproducehybridcornsandvegetables,whichhavebeenpullingmillionsofpeopleoutoftheriskofstarvingtodeath.Becauseofgenestransplanting,weareabletocreatecreaturesweneverseeandalsomanyotherintriguingpossibilities.evolutionarychangeisnotnecessarilyachievedbylongitudenaturalselection,butalsocanbeacceleratedbymoderngeneticengineering.
thirdly,thewidercurrencyofartificialintelligenceaddsratherthandistracts.increasingautomationanddiminishedhumancontactistherealityoftoday:aworldwheredexterousrobotsreplaceendlessrowsofChineseworkersandthetradingfloorspecialistsonnewYorkStockexchangearereadytohandoverthekeystowallStreet'sversionofSkynet.thattraditionalteachersinclassroomsgivewaytotheircounterpartsonYoutube,undertheauspicesoftheleadersofdigitaleconomy,isinevitable.maybethatisnecessary.Butthatisnotthereasonweshouldstopit-atleastit'scheapandconvenient.acaseinpointisthemooCs,ormassiveonlineopencourses.itisessentiallyonlineclassrooms,andareeasilyaccessibletocoursesdesignedbyprofessorsfromprestigiousuniversities,suchasYale,CaltechandDuke.eventhoughmooCsmayinalargeextentreplacetraditionalteachers,itoffersplatformsandopportunitiesforthosewhofailtobeacceptedtoselectivecollegesorthosewhocannotaffordexpensivehigh-qualityeducation.itisthereforeconcludedthatmachinesandmoderntechnologiescanbeablessingindisguise.
itmaybearguedthat,nomatterhowwewhitewashadvancesofmodernage,humanpracticehasbeendefinitelyinterveningthelawsofnature.it'struethathumansaren'talwayscomplywithhownatureworks,buttheinterplaybetweenhumanandnaturecanalsobeseenashuman'sutilizationandtransformationofnaturebyusingtheirendlesscreativityandingeniousmind.moreimportantly,there'snopointdenyingtheadvancingofhumansociety.ifthecaseisexactlywhattheauthorofthegivenparagraphsexpects,allhumaninterventionshouldbeeliminated,andthebestwayforhumansnotto^v^intervene^v^isstoppingdeveloping,haltingmakingprogressandreducingbacktobarbarouscreatureslikeanyotherbeingsthenthousandsofmillionsyearsago.needlesstosay,itisridiculousandunrealistic.
inanutshell,humancivilization,anotherinterpretationof^v^humanintervention^v^,shouldnotbestoppedordiscouraged.theeffectsofhumaninterventioninbiologicalevolutionofthehumanspeciespalesincomparisonwiththeprofoundsignificancethathumancivilizationhaveonhumanspeciesintermsofmodernadvancedtechnologies.theclaim^v^Humanshavestoppedevolving^v^is,inmystandpoint,^v^Humanshavebeenevolving,butinauniquehumanway^v^.andthisis,inessence,howhumansevolvefarsmarterandfarmoresophisticatedthananyotherlivingbeings.
（为真实展示选手赛场上的写作风貌，文章为从iteSt大学外语测试与训练系统中摘出的原生作品，仅供学习分享使用。）
2013年外研社作文大赛范文第2篇
ChangetheUnchangeable—YouwillwhenYouBelieve
Goodevening,ladiesandgentleman!it’smygreathonortobeheregivingthisspeechtoyou.thankyousomuch.mytopicofthespeechischangetheunchangeable-youwillwhenyoubelieve!
Youmayoftenhearthiswhenitcomestokeepingapositiveattitudetowardsyourdailylife,‘‘changethechangeable,andaccepttheunchangeable.”ofcourse,thisisaneasywaytoavoidpanicwhenmeetingwithdifficultsituations.However,iamgoingtosharewithyouatotallydifferentopinionaboutdealingwithobstaclesandhavingasuccessfullife.thatis,changetheunchangeable,andyouwillwhenyoubelieve.
inourdailylife,therearesomanythingswhichweconsideredastheunchangeable.Forexample,youthinkyoucannotrememberalltheenglishwords.Youthinkitsimpossibletobethenumberoneinyourclassbecausemanystudentsaredoingbetterthanyou.andalsoyoudonotbelievethatyoucanchangetheworldbyyourself.Butnow,iamtellingyou,allofthesearenottrue.thereisachancethatyoucanchangetheso-calledunchangeablethings.it’snotahardasitlookslike.allyouneedtodoistobeconfident,believinginyourselfthatyoucandoit.
inthisworld,therearetwokindsofanimalsthatcanclimbtothetopofthepyramid.oneistheeagle,itswingscanhelpitflytothetopofthepyramideasily.theotheristhesnail,noonebelievesthesnailcandosuchunchangeablethings.Butthesnailitselfbelieves.Justlikewaterconstantlydrippingwearsholesinstone.Stepbystep,theconfidenceandpersistencefinallyhelpthesnailmanagetoarriveatthetopofthepyramid.
theunchangeablethings,justlikeawallthatpreventsusfromseeingthroughtheessenceoflifeandexploringthecolorfulworld.Butconfidencecangiveuscouragetobreakthatwall,andastrongwillcanfinallygetusthere.whenmeetingwiththeunchangeablethingsnexttime,faceitwithconfidence.Believingthatyoucandoitunderanycircumstances.aslongasweareconfidentenoughtopursueourfuturedreamwithgreatpassionandcourage,wewillmakeadifference!
nothingisdifficulttoawillingheart.Changetheunchangeable-youwillwhenyoubelieve!
2013年外研社作文大赛范文第3篇
应该说，在关键处，特别是感情饱满处，行文语言流畅自然，感人至深。例如“thepointisjustthatitravelawayfromyouwhileothersstaywithyourcounterparts”“Yeticametounderstand,gradually,thatitwasmydadandiwhotravelledconstantlyandevenwillingly,thatyouwerealwaysthere,waitingtoholdmeandcaressmyfaceinreunion”“thenifinallylearnedtoloveyou.ilearnedto…;itriedto….ireturnedto…andturnedthepitchblackclayintoashimmeringstatueofyou”“irememberthatnight….irememberindreamthatyoutappedmyhead….”等。
2013年外研社作文大赛范文第4篇
题目要求基于《游子吟》写一篇故事，选手干脆就写了一篇“慈母手中线，游子身上衣”的故事。这是第一个照应。故事开头因读诗开始，最后以读诗结尾，这是与材料的第二个照应。第三个照应，无论是有意无意，可说是“妙”——是“travel”的隐喻使用。“我”是他乡的游子；“我”和父亲无时无刻不在路途中；“onlyifwecouldceasetotravelandgobacktoyou”；“我”必须“keeptraveling”以完成“你”的遗愿——“你”死“我”生那一刻，已注定“我”的不归路；“你”梦中的安抚，扫去“我”途中的孤寂与恐惧。“我”生来是游子，一路上都是故事，故事里充满对“你”的情思。
贯穿全篇的“travel”和“journey”让人想起“Lifeisajourney,andwearealltravelers”的比喻——只要有时空和人的存在，又有什么时间轴上的延展不是journey呢？这个比喻并不是故事的焦点，却让人回味深长。
这篇作品有瑕疵吗？有，应该还不少。这里仅提两点。第一，语言表达及规范问题频现。这里不多举例。提醒注意信函开始的格式以及第一段的多处错误。第二，根据不同读者的阅读体验，可能有些读者感觉这个故事不够“新”。
在有限的时间里能够完成这样一篇故事，真的不该太苛刻。应该说，这是一篇主题突出，情节丰满，故事曲折，感人至深的故事。
2013年外研社作文大赛范文第5篇
VarietyistheSpiceofLife
nowadays,thetransportationaremoreandmoreconvenient,wecangosomeplaceandvisitsomefriendseasily,butanincreasingnumberofpeoplealwaysfeelbodyisclose,buthowfarisitfromonesoultoanother?wefeelalone,becausewedonotcaremuchaboutwhatishappeningaroundtheworldifitdoesnotaffectourpersonalmyopinion,lifeisfineandenjoyable,yetyoumustlearntoenjoyyourfineisstupidtojustcareaboutshouldknowthatvarietyisthespiceofitisimportanttoknoweventshappeningaroundtheworld,thoughsometimestheyareunlikelytoaffectourdailylife.
therearethreepointsareinfavorofmybeginwith,itcanhelpusrealizeourlifevalueoldChinesesayinggoes“asaman,first,youshouldcultivateindividualmoralcharacter,second,youshouldrunthefamilyunison,last,youshouldmanagethenationinorder,andpeacewillprevailthroughouttheuniverse”.itmeansthatthehighestvalueinlifeistoowndonotknowourselfverymuch,ifwejustcareaboutourself,wecannotfindthevalueofourwillbetoosmoothwithoutexcitementandboringthelifewillbe!.ifweknowmoreevents,wewillfindourlifevalueeasily.
Besides,toknoweventshappeningaroundtheworldcanhelpusmakemorefriendswithothers.andmakeourmindyouknowmore,youcanmakefriendswithstrangereasilybecauseyoucanfindcommontopiceasily.
Lastbutnottheleast,itcanalsohelpuslivecangetallkindsofinformationfromvariousexample,wecanknowthatthepriceofvegetablewillbehighifyouknowthatthereisafloodinthevegetableproduction,soyoucansavealotofisfantastic!
inconclusion,varietyisspiceofknowmore,anditwillguideusintoabetterworldforabetterlife.
大庆师范学院外国语学院
2013年外研社作文大赛范文第6篇
7月22日，由北京外国语大学主办，外语教学与研究出版社承办，全国基础外语教育研究培训中心、英国文化教育协会、网易有道词典、北外国际等机构强强联合举办的2016第十三届“外研社杯”全国中小学生英语大赛全国总决赛在北京圆满落幕。当晚，教育部基础教育二司教育装备处处长乔玉全，文化部民族民间文艺发展中心处长王学文，北京外国语大学副校长贾德忠、外语教学与研究出版社副社长何皓瑜、美国大使馆educationUSa高级教育专员刘燕春，全国外语特色校教育研究会理事长孙宝泉等嘉宾及2500多名选手和家长出席了此次大赛颁奖典礼。
本次大赛分为“团体挑战赛”和“个人技能赛”两个形式，自今年1月正式启动以来，覆盖全国30多个省份和近200个地市，报名人数超过百万，通过层层选拔，共选出了来自全国各地的优秀初高中代表队和1500余名个人选手进行终极角逐。
在7月19-22日进行的个人技能赛上，来自全国各地的1500余名选手经过市级初赛、复赛、决赛的层层选拔最后参与了本次全国总决赛的角逐。分组赛共分为“我最爱阅读”“拼词达人”“即兴演讲”三个环节，对选手的阅读理解能力、逻辑思维能力与语言表达能力有较为全面的考察。最终，经过两天的激烈角逐，来自长沙的王龚一、谢卓吾，来自北京的黄启扉、王思琢和来自南昌的林泽正分别获得小初高中各个组别的冠军。
同时，本次大赛吸引了800多位家长到场观摩，一位来自山西的小学生家长认为大赛给予了学生一个非常好的展示平台，对学生的英语能力的考察是全方位的，既考察了学生的各项英语技能也考察了学生的文化素养及应变能力，对学生今后的英语学习大有裨益。
据悉，“外研社杯”全国中小学生英语大赛传承自的“全国新概念英语大赛”，是最早创办的全国性学生英语赛事。历经多年赛事经验的积累和沉淀，赛制的循环和调整，该赛事已成为国内水平最高、影响最广、规模最大、权威性最高的全国青少年英语品牌赛事。今年的大赛是历届中参赛人数最多的一次，它打破了传统英语竞赛仅针对选手语言技能进行选拔的局限，将赛事体系进行了一系列创新性颠覆。突破以往单一的比赛形式，建立多元化的赛事结构，服务于更广泛的学生群体，力求培养学生的综合语言运用能力、沟通能力、思辨能力及人文素养，关注学生心智发展和全人教育，为广大中小学生提供全方位的展示平台。
2013年外研社作文大赛范文第7篇
honorablejudges,ladiesandgentlemen:
todaymytopicis’nuclearpootegoodnessforhumankind.itpromisestoprovidecleanandefficientenergyforthecenturiestocome.
soionofresourcesandtheinstantdemandforenergy,cleanandefficientnuclearpoefficient;environmentaldevastatedyetclean;expensiveyetsustainable.itisamatterofhowweuseandhowwetreatit.whilelet’sbeyondallthis,whethernuclearpowerablessingoradisaster,it’sours’choice.
thankyouforlistening!
2013年外研社作文大赛范文第8篇
“外研社杯”英语演讲比赛演讲稿
Honorablejudges,ladiesandgentlemen:
todaymytopicis’nuclearpower:ablessingoradisaster?’
whenthefirstatomicbombwasdroppedonHiroshima,Japan,theworldwasthrustintoatomicage.meanwhileinthecommenceofcoldwarandduringitslongterm,ithadsettheworldintofearandpanicofnuclearwarmanytimes.
Butovertheyears,nuclearpowerhasfounditswaytopromotegoodnessforhumankind.itpromisestoprovidecleanandefficientenergyforthecenturiestocome.
Sowhethernuclearpowerablessingoradisaster?
thereisnofirmanswerforthisquestionfrommyownperspective.
Ladiesandgentlemen,myveryinitialcontactwithnuclearpowerwasfromatVprogrammecalledGreenSpacewhereisawforthefirsttimehownuclearpowerhadchangedpeople’slivesandwhatithadleftfortheresidents’livingaroundChyrnobilnuclearpowerplant.Unfortunately,itwasasadstory.
myheartsankwhenisawaboyinfantappearonthescreensmilingwithbigbluesparklingeyes.Hewassocuteandadorablejustlikealltheotherkidsbuthewasblinded.what’smore,hehadtoreceivemedicaltreatmenteverydaytoalleviateradiationdamage,butstillstoodlittlechanceofgrowingup.Laterilearnedthatinappropriateoperationandequipmentdesigndefectwasresponsibleforthetradegy.eightyearshaspast,butthepictureofthatboy’ssmilestillappearsinfrontofmeandremindsmethatnuclearpowercanbealivingdevil.
However,withtheincreasingdepletionofresourcesandtheinstantdemandforenergy,cleanandefficientnuclearpowermayseemthebestchoice.
asanoldsayinggoes’everyswordhastwoblades.’nuclearpowerisdangerous,yetefficient;environmentaldevastatedyetclean;expensiveyetsustainable.itisamatterofhowweuseandhowwetreatit.whilelet’sbeyondallthis,whethernuclearpowerablessingoradisaster,it’sours’choice.
thankyouforlistening!
2013年外研社作文大赛范文第9篇
外研社杯高职高专写作大赛英语专业组决赛样题
第六“届外社杯”研全国高职专高英写语作赛
英专业组语赛决样
题ntaonialegnlshwriitngiCnoettsoFrtecnichlandaoVaticonlCoalelegSutdetsn(inalF)三部分，1（00分120，分，钟共1）页p
rtai(52ponis)tDiecrtion:sinVdioe,1yuwilloseehttam.anredrsnoanmrd.eeLbidfarewleatlthpupoesyuowerem.randreosn,pelseawrietaleteroftapprecitaino(omrthean105wodrs)tmorLee.oosanteryourfretunrignhoem.ithnleteetryoushuodlcoevrteholfoliwgnisuess?.expessryuroappreiacitofnoLee’shspitolatiyudrnighetrip.?Shotyowrcuofnidneceinthecooperatinobetewntweocompanies.?inivteetoisityvourcompayintnehnxetmntho.
atiir(0po4nist)irDcetons:iVieo2dsaibutotehprocssefoomclpiatupSposeyouwereFanrkinthermaaneragkssoutyowiteraeropt(rmoerhatn250ordw)sonheitnesvitgatonainsdoluitonofheistues.nihtsieporrtyousholducvoerthefolowlngiisues.?instrdocutheperuospoeftherperot.ex?lpaithnecausseofthesahmpooss’hotrfillin.gSpec?fyhiwotehprbleoimscorecterd.?Suggeswhattcanbedonetopevertnthesamteinghhappennigagan.ipatiiir(35points)Direticnsoin:Viedo,F2rnkaassethusagodoeaxpmleniandhlnigucsomertcompainlst.plaeeswrietanesays(omethrna300wrdo)sillustatrignwycohmlpiatnahndlingismpoitarttothecnmpoanyandhwothonaldcesuotercompmlantiseffetcvely.iYunoeedto:?ittletheseays?w;iretrofmyourowpnresepcivet;?writetheesasyinaprpeo赛比流程说：明1.赛比时为间21月9上日午9:0-10:301；.2:90-9:003这段时的`间容包括内：宣考读规场则发放、卷、考生浏览试试、卷播视放；3频.学生正式写作时间的为93:011-:304.；试发卷后，下给学生五分先钟间浏览时卷，然试由监考后师老放播视频；.5两段视共，频段每频视均配中有文英幕字连，续播三放，遍在播过程放中学生根请题据目要求适当好笔做。记
2013年外研社作文大赛范文第10篇
慈母手中线，
游子身上衣。
临行密密缝，
意恐迟迟归。
谁言寸草心，
报得三春晖。
atraveller'sSong
BymengJiao
translatedbyLiuJianxun
thethreadinthehandsofafond-heartedmother
makesclothesforthebodyofherwaywardboy;
Carefullyshesewsandthoroughlyshemends,
Dreadingthedelaysthatwillkeephimlatefromhome.
Buthowmuchlovehastheinch-longgrass
Forthreespringmonthsofthelightofthesun?
Feelingofyouth
noyoungmanbelievesheshalleverdie.itwasasayingofmybrother's,andafineone.thereisafeelingofeternityinyouth,whichmakesusamendforeverything.tobeyoungistobeasoneoftheimmortalgods.onehalfoftimeindeedisflown-theotherhalfremainsinstoreforuswithallitscountletreasures;forthereisnolinedrawn,andweseenolimittoourhopesandwishes.wemakethecomingageourown-
thevast,theunboundedprospectliesbeforeus.
Death.oldage.arewordswithoutameaning.thatpabyusliketheideaairwhichweregardnot.othersmayhaveundergone,ormaystillbeliabletothem-we^v^bearacharmedlife“,whichlaughstoscornallsuchsicklyfancies.asinsettingoutondelightfuljourney,westrainoureagergazeforward-
Biddingthelovelyscenesatdistancehail!
andseenoendtothelandscape,newobjectspresentingthemselvesasweadvance;so,inthecommencementoflife,wesetnoboundstoourinclinations.nortotheunrestrictedopportunitiesofgratifyingthem.wehaveasyetfoundnoobstacle,nodispositiontoflag;anditseemsthatwecangoonsoforever.welookroundinanewworld,fulloflife,andmotion,andceaseleprogress;andfeelinourselvesallthevigorandspirittokeeppacewithit,anddonotforeseefromanypresentsymptomshowweshallbeleftbehindinthenaturalcourseofthings,declineintooldage,anddropintothegrave.itisthesimplicity,andasitwereabstractedneofourfeelingsinyouth,that(sotospeak)identifiesuswithnature,and(ourexperiencebeingslightandourpassionsstrong)deludesusintoabeliefofbeingimmortallikeit.ourshort-livesconnectionwithexistencewefondlyflatterourselves,isanindissolubleandlastingunion-ahoneymoonthatknowsneithercoldness,jar,norseparation.asinfantssmileandsleep,wearerockedinthecradleofourwaywardfancies,andlulledintosecuritybytheroaroftheuniversearoundus0wequaffthecupoflifewitheagerhastewithoutdrainingit,insteadofwhichitonlyoverflowsthemore-objectsprearoundus,fillingthemindwiththeirmagnitudeandwiththestrongofdesiresthatwaituponthem,sothatwehavenoroomforthethoughtsofdeath.
2013年外研社作文大赛范文第11篇
一、“‘外研社杯’全国英语阅读大赛”比赛内容包含四个环节：partⅠReadandKnow（读以明己）partⅡReadandReason（读以察世）partⅢReadandQuestion（读以启思）partⅣReadandCreate（读以言志）二、比赛样题仅为三、大赛的模拟赛、同阶段比赛有所变化。
四、大赛的初赛由参赛学校参考样题内容自行命题，组委会不做硬性规定。
五、“partⅠReadandKnow（读以明己）”部分不计成绩，根据参赛选手打听情况给予个性化反馈。
六、“partⅣ
20阅读大赛赛题的内容和形式样例，并非完整试卷。复赛和决赛都将包含样题的四个环节，
但各环节的赛题内容和形式会根据不
partiReadandKnow
inthispart,
theanswer
yourself.
Readas
areYouCharismatic?
Charisma
isthemagnetic
orprovidewhat
poweryouwithwant
peopleoriginalbig
’taffectideas,
butitremainspeople
who
’teven
have
ofyourworkmost
vital
understand
talentsifyouinlife.
you’,youwill
’vegotwhatittakes.
1).
Yes,.
no,
theydoabit.
2).
no,.
3).
no,.
Yes,it’sreallynoproblem.
followers?
4)D?
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