一个短语是表达某个概念短语的英语的一组词。它被作为一个句子短语的英语的某个单元来使用。8类常见的短语如下图所示。
我们将对它们一一进行说明。
nounphrases(名词短语)一个名词短语由名词和该名词的所有修饰语组成。
一些例句短语的英语：
thebewilderedtouristwaslost.thelostpuppywasawetandstinkydog.thefluclinichadseenmanycasesofinfectiousdisease.itwasastoryasoldastime.thesportscardrovethelongandwindingroad.Saturdaybecameacool,wetafternoon.Verbphrases(动词短语)一个动词短语由动词和它的所有修饰语组成。
一些例子：
Hewaswaitingfortheraintostop.Shewasupsetwhenitdidn'tboil.Youhavebeensleepingforalongtime.Youmightenjoyamassage.Hewaseagertoeatdinner.Gerundphrases(动名词短语)动名词短语仅仅是以动名词开头的名词短语。
例子有：
takingmydogforawalkisfun.walkingintheraincanbedifficult.Strollingalongabeachatsunsetisromantic.Gettingapromotionisexciting.Signingautographstakestime.Goingforicecreamisarealtreat.Singingforhissupperwashowheearnedhiskeep.Gettingasorebackwastheresultofthegolfgame.pullinganall-nighterdidnotimprovehistestscores.Sailingintothesunsetwastheperfectendtothebook.infinitivephrases(不定式短语)不定式短语是以动词不定式开头的名词短语。
下面是一些例子：
tomakelemonade,youhavetostartwithlemons.itriedtoseethestage,butiwastooshort.Sheorganizedaboycotttomakeastatement.toseeniagaraFallsismind-boggling.Hereallyneedstogethisprioritiesinorder.thecompanydecidedtoreducehoursforeveryone.todonatetimeormoneyisanhonorablething.iwenttoSpaintostudythelanguageandculture.appositivephrases(同位语短语)同位语短语用于重新表述某个名词。它由一个或多个单词组成。
例子有：
myfavoritepastime,needlepoint,surprisessomepeople.Herhorse,anarabian,washerprideandjoy.mywife,theloveofmylife,isalsomybestfriend.acheetah,thefastestlandanimal,canrun70milesanhour.myidea,arecyclingbinfortheoffice,wasacceptedbytheboss.theFloridapanther,thestateanimalofFlorida,isanendangeredspecies.participialphrases(分词短语)分词短语以过去或现在分词开头。
一些例子：
washedwithmyclothes,mycellphonenolongerworked.Knowingwhatiknownow,iwishihadnevercomehere.iamreallyexcited,consideringallthepeoplethatwillbethere.wearelookingforwardtothemovie,havingseenthetrailerlastweek.Grinningfromeartoear,sheacceptedheraward.thehappydograntheentirelengthofthepark,pausingonlytosniffthedandelions.paintedabrilliantwhite,thesmallroomappearedbigger.thelake,frozenoverallwinter,wasfinallythawing.prepositionalphrases(介词短语)介词短语以介词开头短语的英语，可以充当名词、形容词或副词。
例如：
thebookwasonthetable.wecampedbythebrook.Heknewitwasovertherainbow.Shewaslostinthedarkofnight.Hewasbetweenarockandahardplace.iwaitedforawhile.Shesmelledofstrawberriesandcream.Hewonthechallengeagainstallodds.absolutephrases(独立主格)独立主格有自己的主语但缺少实意动词，因此不能作为完整的句子而独立存在。它修饰的是整个句子，而非某个名词。
一些例子：
Histailbetweenhislegs,thedogwalkedoutthedoor.picnicbasketinhand,shesetoffforherdate.theguysattackedthepileofnachos,theirfingersgettingthelastbitofcheeseofftheplate.theirheadshangingdown,thewholegroupapologized.theentireteam,theiruniformsmuddyandstained,shoutedforjoy.这里只列举了8类短语的一些例句。后续文章中会一一对它们进行更详细的解释说明。
(译自:https://examples.yourdictionary.com/phrase-examples.html.)